3D Printed IQIs for X-ray Examination - Revision history

Jpadfield: /* 3D Printed Samples */

2012-04-12T09:06:57Z

3D Printed Samples

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:06, 12 April 2012
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	\| 3 \|\| SLS: EOS P385 \|\| Glass Filled Nylon \|\| Selective Laser Sintering \|\| 150 Microns \|\| Light Grey		\| 3 \|\| SLS: EOS P385 \|\| Glass Filled Nylon \|\| Selective Laser Sintering \|\| 150 Microns \|\| Light Grey
	\|-		\|-
	\| 4 \|\| Object Eden 250 \|\| Photo-cure \|\| Poly-Jet Printer \|\| 16 - 32 Microns \|\| White		\| 4 \|\| Object Eden 250 \|\| Photo-cure Acylic \|\| Poly-Jet Printer \|\| 16 - 32 Microns \|\| White
	\|-		\|-
	\| 5 \|\| Z-Corp \|\| Plaster of Paris \|\| Powder based system with a binder using Ink Jet technologies \|\| 100 Micorns at 460DPI \|\| Bright White		\| 5 \|\| Z-Corp \|\| Plaster of Paris \|\| Powder based system with a binder using Ink Jet technologies \|\| 100 Micorns at 460DPI \|\| Bright White

Jpadfield at 12:57, 11 April 2012

2012-04-11T12:57:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:57, 11 April 2012
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	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
			[[Category:Digital Imaging]]

Jpadfield: /* Data Processing */

2012-04-11T12:44:36Z

Data Processing

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:44, 11 April 2012
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	'''Profile extraction'''		'''Profile extraction'''
	* Using [http://www.vips.ecs.soton.ac.uk/ Nip2], ~~and~~ arrow was marked across the central length of each image of each sample wedge, see figure 6.		* Using [http://www.vips.ecs.soton.ac.uk/ Nip2], an arrow was marked across the central length of each image of each sample wedge, see figure 6.
	* Each arrow was then used to extract a region of the image across each wedge 10 pixels high, which was then averaged down to a single pixel high, see figure 7.		* Each arrow was then used to extract a region of the image across each wedge 10 pixels high, which was then averaged down to a single pixel high, see figure 7.
	* The image profile was then flipped left-right if required to ensure that each wedge was represented, left to right, going from thick to thin.		* The image profile was then flipped left-right if required to ensure that each wedge was represented, left to right, going from thick to thin.

Jpadfield: /* Summary */

2012-04-11T12:40:53Z

Summary

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:40, 11 April 2012
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	Calibration targets or Image quality Indicators (IQIs), are available<ref>See http://ndttechnology.blogspot.co.uk/2009/01/image-quality-indicators.html or http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/TechCalibrations/controllingquality.htm</ref> for X-radiography and are in fact used in some fields, but they may not be appropriate for all type of cultural heritage X-radiography. In some institutions specialists often construct their own custom IQIs to help ensure the quality of their images. This works well within an institution but is generally less appropriate when comparing images generated by different institutions.		Calibration targets or Image quality Indicators (IQIs), are available<ref>See http://ndttechnology.blogspot.co.uk/2009/01/image-quality-indicators.html or http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/TechCalibrations/controllingquality.htm</ref> for X-radiography and are in fact used in some fields, but they may not be appropriate for all type of cultural heritage X-radiography. In some institutions specialists often construct their own custom IQIs to help ensure the quality of their images. This works well within an institution but is generally less appropriate when comparing images generated by different institutions.

	As it is becoming easier and more common to share and compare large complex technical images between different cultural heritage institutions the need for ~~use of~~ consistent IQIs is becoming more important. This is also becoming an increasingly important issue when it comes to comparing X-ray images produced from analogue film and images created using new digital X-ray systems.		As it is becoming easier and more common to share and compare large complex technical images between different cultural heritage institutions the need for consistent IQIs is becoming more important. This is also becoming an increasingly important issue when it comes to comparing X-ray images produced from analogue film and images created using new digital X-ray systems.

	One possible option for producing consistent, but custom designed, IQIs, tailor made for the examination of specific groups of cultural heritage materials might be the use of new 3D-printers. This pilot study was put together to begin to explore this possibility.		One possible option for producing consistent, but custom designed, IQIs, tailor made for the examination of specific groups of cultural heritage materials might be the use of new 3D-printers. This pilot study was put together to begin to explore this possibility.

Jpadfield: /* Summary */

2012-04-11T12:39:31Z

Summary

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:39, 11 April 2012
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	== Summary ==		== Summary ==

	These days, when colour images are taken of museum objects it is generally good practice to include a colour calibration chart, like a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ColorChecker ColorChecker]. This allows the captured images to be colour calibrated and then compared, with reasonable confidence, with other images captured within the same organisation or with image captured using different imaging systems by other individuals or organisations. But ~~his~~ is often not the case when X-ray images are taken of museum objects.		These days, when colour images are taken of museum objects it is generally good practice to include a colour calibration chart, like a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ColorChecker ColorChecker]. This allows the captured images to be colour calibrated and then compared, with reasonable confidence, with other images captured within the same organisation or with image captured using different imaging systems by other individuals or organisations. But this is often not the case when X-ray images are taken of museum objects.

	Calibration targets or Image quality Indicators (IQIs), are available<ref>See http://ndttechnology.blogspot.co.uk/2009/01/image-quality-indicators.html or http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/TechCalibrations/controllingquality.htm</ref> for X-radiography and are in fact used in some fields, but they may not be appropriate for all type of cultural heritage X-radiography. In some institutions specialists often construct their own custom IQIs to help ensure the quality of their images. This works well within an institution but is generally less appropriate when comparing images generated by different institutions.		Calibration targets or Image quality Indicators (IQIs), are available<ref>See http://ndttechnology.blogspot.co.uk/2009/01/image-quality-indicators.html or http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/TechCalibrations/controllingquality.htm</ref> for X-radiography and are in fact used in some fields, but they may not be appropriate for all type of cultural heritage X-radiography. In some institutions specialists often construct their own custom IQIs to help ensure the quality of their images. This works well within an institution but is generally less appropriate when comparing images generated by different institutions.

Jpadfield at 10:26, 11 April 2012

2012-04-11T10:26:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:26, 11 April 2012
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	=== X-ray procedure ===		=== X-ray procedure ===
	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:3D printed X-ray IQIs 01.jpg\| Figure 1: NG Lead lined X-ray Source Table, with the 3D-printed wedges~~, provided by Carinna Parraman, UWE~~.		File:3D printed X-ray IQIs 01.jpg\| Figure 1: NG Lead lined X-ray Source Table, with the sample 3D-printed wedges.
	File:3D printed X-ray IQIs 02.jpg\| Figure 2: The 5 bags of the 3D-printed wedges~~, provided by Carinna Parraman, UWE~~. Including the details provided for each of the samples.		File:3D printed X-ray IQIs 02.jpg\| Figure 2: The 5 bags of the sample 3D-printed wedges. Including the details provided for each of the samples.
	File:3D printed X-ray IQIs 03.jpg\| Figure 3: The 5 sets of 3D-printed wedges arranged on the window above the X-ray source, along with an unused sheet of the [[media:Ti2294_Kodak_industrex_aa400.pdf\|Kodak Industrex AA400]] X-ray Film within its paper envelope.		File:3D printed X-ray IQIs 03.jpg\| Figure 3: The 5 sets of 3D-printed wedges arranged on the window above the X-ray source, along with an unused sheet of the [[media:Ti2294_Kodak_industrex_aa400.pdf\|Kodak Industrex AA400]] X-ray Film within its paper envelope.
	File:3D printed X-ray IQIs 04.jpg\| Figure 4: The 5 sets of 3D-printed wedges arranged on the window above the X-ray source.		File:3D printed X-ray IQIs 04.jpg\| Figure 4: The 5 sets of 3D-printed wedges arranged on the window above the X-ray source.

Jpadfield: /* 3D Printed Samples */

2012-04-11T10:24:30Z

3D Printed Samples

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:24, 11 April 2012
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	== 3D Printed Samples ==		== 3D Printed Samples ==

	The following samples were made by the Rapid Manufacturing Team at Renishaw plc., which has been coordinated by Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) Associate Sophie Adams Foster in collaboration with Carinna Parraman at University of the West of England Bristol.		The following samples were made by the Rapid Manufacturing Team at [http://www.renishaw.com Renishaw plc.], which has been coordinated by [http://www.uwe.ac.uk/sca/research/cfpr/dissemination/funding/ktpawards.html Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP)] Associate [http://www.uwe.ac.uk/sca/research/cfpr/staff/sophie_adams_foster/index.html Sophie Adams Foster] in collaboration with [http://www.uwe.ac.uk/sca/research/cfpr/staff/carinna_parraman/index.html Carinna Parraman] at [http://www.uwe.ac.uk/ University of the West of England Bristol].
	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"
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Jpadfield: /* 3D Printed Samples */

2012-04-11T10:10:34Z

3D Printed Samples

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:10, 11 April 2012
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	== 3D Printed Samples ==		== 3D Printed Samples ==

	The following samples ~~where sourced and or prepared~~ by Carinna ~~Parrama~~.		The following samples were made by the Rapid Manufacturing Team at Renishaw plc., which has been coordinated by Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) Associate Sophie Adams Foster in collaboration with Carinna Parraman at University of the West of England Bristol.
	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"
	\|-		\|-

Jpadfield: /* National Gallery Examination */

2012-03-30T15:28:54Z

National Gallery Examination

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:28, 30 March 2012
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	== National Gallery Examination ==		== National Gallery Examination ==

	=== ~~Set~~-~~up Images~~ ===		=== X-ray procedure ===
	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:3D printed X-ray IQIs 01.jpg\| Figure 1: NG Lead lined X-ray Source Table, with the 3D-printed wedges, provided by Carinna Parraman, UWE.		File:3D printed X-ray IQIs 01.jpg\| Figure 1: NG Lead lined X-ray Source Table, with the 3D-printed wedges, provided by Carinna Parraman, UWE.

Jpadfield: /* Data Processing */

2012-03-30T15:27:49Z

Data Processing

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:27, 30 March 2012
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	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Nip2_xray_hb_process.png\| Figure 5: .		File:Nip2_xray_hb_process.png\| Figure 5: Performing horizontal balancing of X-ray images, using [http://www.vips.ecs.soton.ac.uk/ Nip2].
	File:nip2_xray_arrow_positioning.png\| Figure 6: .		File:nip2_xray_arrow_positioning.png\| Figure 6: Positioning arrows across an X-ray image to indicate the position of each of the wedges, using [http://www.vips.ecs.soton.ac.uk/ Nip2].
	File:nip2_arrow_profile_extraction.png\| Figure 7: .		File:nip2_arrow_profile_extraction.png\| Figure 7: Extraction the profile of one example wedge, using [http://www.vips.ecs.soton.ac.uk/ Nip2].
	</gallery>		</gallery>